Both solanine and aflatoxin poisoning are caused by:

The correct answer highlights that both solanine and aflatoxin poisoning are the result of naturally occurring toxins. Solanine is a toxic compound found in certain plants, particularly in potatoes that have been exposed to light or are improperly stored. It can lead to nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal issues. Aflatoxin, on the other hand, is a type of toxin produced by certain molds, such as Aspergillus species, that can contaminate grains and nuts. Aflatoxins are known for their severe health risks, including liver damage and carcinogenic effects.

The classification of both of these compounds as naturally occurring toxins is crucial for understanding food safety. This knowledge indicates that not all food hazards stem from human-made sources; some are inherent to the natural environment and can occur during normal agricultural practices or food storage.

In distinguishing these from other categories, bacterial toxins are specifically produced by bacteria, and while both solanine and aflatoxin are harmful, they are not produced by bacteria. Viral infections do not produce toxins but may lead to foodborne illnesses. Chemical contaminants pertain to synthetic chemicals or unintended residues from fertilizers and pesticides, which is not the case for solanine and aflatoxin, as these are produced as part of natural biological processes.