The _______ test shows the amount of extraneous material in milk, but will not show dissolved material.

The sediment test is specifically designed to measure the amount of extraneous material present in milk, such as dirt, debris, or other particulate matter. This test is crucial in assessing the quality and cleanliness of milk, particularly in the dairy industry, where high standards are expected.

One of the key aspects of the sediment test is that it is not designed to detect dissolved substances, such as lactose or minerals. This means that while it can indicate physical contaminants that may affect the visual and sensory quality of the milk, it won't account for chemical components that could still be present in dissolved forms. This distinction is important because it helps dairy processors ensure that the milk they provide is not only safe but also meets quality standards regarding clarity and overall appearance.

In comparing this to the other tests listed, the protein test measures the protein content in milk, the fat test quantifies the fat content, and the acidity test determines the pH levels, indicating fermentation or spoilage, but none of these focus on the presence of physical particles like the sediment test does.